coldfusion manually create query object

cfc for more information on how to leverage it for web development. What is a Datasource. A datasource is a named connection to a specific database with specified credentials. You can define an infinite amount of datasources in your CFML applications in the following locations: Global ColdFusion Engine Administrator The Application.cfc, which will dictate the datasources for that specific ColdFusion application Inline in cfquery or queryexecute calls The datasource is then used to control the connection pool to such database and allow for the ColdFusion engine to execute JDBC calls against it. What is a query? A query is a request to a database. It returns a CFML query object containing a recordset and other metadata information about the query. The query can ask for information from the database, write new data to the database, update existing information in the database, or delete records from the database. So instead of giving the name of the datasource it can be a struct definition of the datasource you want to connect to. Default Datasource You can also omit the datasource completely from query calls and CFML will use the one defined in Application.cfc as the default datasource connection. This is a great way to encapsulate the datasource in a single location. However, we all know that there could be some applications with multiple datasources, that's ok, at least you can have one by default. ColdFusion Engine Administrator Datasources:: Lucee Documentation How to define a Datasource To execute queries you need a datasource definition, a datasource definition point this a specific local or remote datasource, there are different ways to do so. docs.lucee.org Data Source Management for ColdFusion Manage data sources for each database you want to use. helpx.adobe.com Application.cfc You can also define the datasources in the Application.cfc, which is sometimes our preferred approach as the connections are versioned controlled and more visible than in the admin.

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For more information, see Enhancements in QueryNew function. ColdFusion generates an error if the data you add to the column is not of this type, or if it cannot convert the data to this type. The following data types are valid: This is the default column type. Can be one of: Without this parameter, ColdFusion must try to determine data types when it uses the query object in a query of queries. Determining data types requires additional processing, and can result in errors if ColdFusion does not guess a type correctly.Enhancements in ColdFusion 10 lets you initialize the query data. You can specify a struct, an array of structs, or arrays with single or multiple dimensions to initialize the query as shown in the following example: It populates two rows of the query and displays the contents of the query object and its metadata. The query object interprets the struct keys as column names and assumes the appropriate data type. The query can be populated with data using functions queryAddRow, querySetCell, or by passing it in to the rowData argument. Delimited list of column names, or an empty string. Whether for debugging or other purposes, it is sometimes useful to be able to create a query manually. To create a query, you use the queryNew() function. This takes two arguments. The first argument is required and is a list of column names. The second argument is option and is a corresponding list of data types for the columns. If you use this second argument, it helps ColdFusion work with the query better.Design by Andreas Viklund. Header design by Kyle Hayes. Learn Modern ColdFusion in 100 Minutes. No ceremony, just a plain datasource definition in the administrator and we could query the database with ease. In modern times, we have many more ways to query the database and defining datasources can occur not only in the admin but in our application's Application.cfc or even define it at runtime or even within the query constructs themselves. See Application.

Returning Arrays of Structs or Struct of Structs In the Lucee CFML engine (coming soon to Adobe), you can also determine the return type of database queries to be something other than the CFML query object. You can choose array of structs or struct of structs. This is fantastic for modern applications that rely on rich JavaScript frameworks and producing JSON. We call it QB short for query builder ( ).CFML Language - Previous Structures Next - CFML Language Conditionals Last updated 10 months ago Edit on GitHub Contents What is a Datasource. Functional ProgrammingWith ColdFusion 10's augmented With the ColdFusion query-of- Since the ColdFusion query-of-query Reload to refresh your session. Reload to refresh your session. That being said, there are additional benefits to using \na local ColdFusion development server, such as not needing to have IIS or Apache installed, but \ninstead using the packaged web server.\n \n To install ColdFusion, follow the steps below: \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Installation Page 2\n \n 10.If you already have MySQL 4 or 5 already installed, you can \nproceed to the 'Install Sample Files' section. Remember this \npassword as it will be needed later!\n \n 18. When the Ready to Execute screen displays, click 'Execute'.\n \n 19. After all the Configuration steps have successfully run, Click 'Finish'.\n \n 20. You have successfully installed MySQL. \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Installation Page 7\n \n 18. During \nthe course, you will take a basic HTML website and add ColdFusion to it, creating a fully functional \nColdFusion application.\n \n To be able to take part in the Hands On, you must first install the necessary Application files. Your webroot is located at: \nC:\\ColdFusion10\\cfusion\\wwwroot\\\n \n 3. Unzip the sample application files into the learncfinaweek folder. If no problems \nexist, you are good to start the course.

You will do this by defining a struct called this.datasources. Each key will be the name of the datasource to register and the value of each key a struct of configuration information for the datasource. However, we recommend that you setup environment variables in order to NOT store your passwords in plain-text in your source code. Portable Datasources You can also make your datasources portable from application to application or CFML engine to engine by using our CFConfig project. CFConfig gives you the ability to manage most every setting that shows up in the web administrator, but instead of logging into a web interface, you can mange it from the command line by hand or as part of a scripted server setup. Choose the approach that suits your needs. Multi-Threaded Looping As of now only Lucee allows you to leverage the each() operations in a multi-threaded fashion. The queryEach() or each() functions allows for a parallel and maxThreads arguments so the iteration can happen concurrently on as many maxThreads as supported by your JVM.However, please note that once you enter concurrency land, you should shiver and tremble. Here is where you need to be extra careful as to not allow for SQL injection. CFML has several ways to help you prevent SQL Injection whether using tags or script calls.The cfqueryparam tag or the inline cfsqltype construct will bind the value to a specific database type in order to avoid SQL injection and to further the database explain plan via types. Query Methods There are also several query methods available in CFML that can help you manage queries but also create them on the fly ( ). Please note that you can also use chaining and member functions as well. An alternative approach is to use the modern queryFilter() operations to actually filter out the necessary data from a query, or querySort(), etc.

Since it's shorter, in this \narticle we'll use the word data to describe a piece of information.\n \n In ColdFusion, data is held in variables. Think of a variable like a mailbox. You can stuff things like \nletters and packages into a mailbox and get them out later to do stuff. ColdFusion makes storing \ninformation very easy because it's a loosely typed Language. The pound sign tells ColdFusion to evaluate the contents. Examine the below three statements. You can have numbers as part of the variable \nname, but the variable name must start with a letter. You must not have any spaces in your variable \nnames. The choice is one of \nstyle, there are no right answers. Also, most special characters are not allowed in variable names. This tells \nColdFusion to treat the statement as a string and do no evaluations on it.\n \n In the second statement, we also surrounded the math problem with the pound sign. Take advantage of that hard-earned understanding and leave yourself (or others) \nas many clues and as much context as possible. Simple strings are enclosed in \nsingle or double quotes, with double quotes being the most common. \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 Page 12\n \n The right side of the statement is an execution zone. Anything not specifically in quotes \n(double or single) will be evaluated. One reason is to display the \ncontents of a variable to the user, perhaps to display the username on a web page. Another reason is \nto verify the contents of a variable while you are in the process of writing or debugging your program.\n \n About cfoutput: To display the contents of a variable to a user, use cfoutput. The variable \nreference must be a simple value that can be displayed as text. This includes Strings, Numbers, \nDates, Times, and so on. To set a string or a number, use the cfset \ncommand. You can compare dates, \nfind out how far two dates are apart, reformat a date, and more.

\n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Installation Page 10\n \n How the Hands On Works\n \n Throughout this course you will see a number of hands on pages. These pages give you step \nby step instructions on what to do to your ColdFusion code. Inside these folders, you will find copies of the \ncode which have all the hands ons completed up until and including that chapter. If at any point you \nget stuck with a code problem, you can look at these files to see what the solution is. If you are still \nunable to find what is causing the problem in your code, you can copy the files and folders from \nthe chapter folder and place them in your 'www' folder. Once you have copied them in, you can \ncontinue with the next chapter.\n \n Once you have completed the hands on problems, you will have a fully functioning ColdFusion \nweb site that is ready to be launched right away. Included in this application is file manipulation, \ndatabase calls, remote calls, sending emails, ORM, and a fully secured Admin area.\n \n 7. If any problems occur follow the onscreen instructions on how to correct them. ColdFusion \nis designed to be expressive and powerful. The expressive characteristic allows you to perform \nprogramming tasks at a higher level than most other languages. The powerful characteristic gives \nyou integrations with functionality important to web applications like database access, MS Exchange \naccess, PDF form creation and more.\n \n The ColdFusion platform is built on Java and uses the Apache Tomcat J2EE container. While you \nhave full access to Java and Tomcat, you need not worry about these details. Generally, the stuff is the execution of a process or \nalgorithm and the things are information or data.\n \n An algorithm is just a fancy name for a series of steps, like tying your shoelaces. Information or data \nis just values. Your name is a piece of information and so is your birth date.

Refresh the browser and confirm that you see your change.\n \n 14. In your code editor, locate the comment that says Data Output. Refresh the browser and confirm that the text is no longer visible on the page.\n \n 18. In your code editor, locate the link to index.html on or around line 52. Your code should look something like this:\n \n In this section of the hands on we will switch from tag based code to script based code and create a \nstructure of data. The error states that it has found an Invalid \nCFML construct. He's \nbeen everything from a tech instructor to a web developer \nto VP of Software Architecture and Director. This experience \ngives him a unique perspective on everything from full stack \napplication architecture to project and product management. \nNic loves the opportunity to learn something new and solve \nproblems using best of breed technologies, whatever that may \nbe.\n \n 2 \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Decision Making, Flow and Scopes Page 30\n \n Decision Making\n An important part of any program is the ability to make decisions based upon a set of conditions. \nThis is aptly named 'conditional logic'. Unless you are writing a static set of HTML pages, you will \nalmost certainly need to evaluate conditions. In conditional logic, all conditions tested must evaluate \nto a Boolean, either true or false. As you learned in the variables section of this training, ColdFusion \nis a dynamically typed language. This does not mean that ColdFusion is not typed, but rather that \nColdFusion can switch from type to type dynamically while the application is executing. There are three tags that are important when evaluating conditions: cfif, cfelseif, \nand cfelse.\n \n cfif is used to start a decision block. Inside the conditional block you will place either code to \nexecute or markup to output. If the expression evaluates to false, do nothing. You can \nprovide a string value that will evaluate to a Boolean such as a number.

Any positive number will \nevaluate to true; 0 evaluates to false. Negative numbers evaluate to false as well. The example above first checks to make sure the age \nkey exists in the structure called myStruct before performing further operations on it. If we check \nthe value of the key and the key is not defined, ColdFusion will throw an error. Since ColdFusion \nworks from left to right, ColdFusion would first see that age does not exist as a key in myStruct \n(structKeyExists will return false) and it will not perform the second operation. This is not the \ncase for OR operations. In this case, if our variable was equal to 1 or 10, the code inside the cfif \nblock would be evaluated.\n \n In the example above, we are checking if a variable is equal to a set value. The possible values are each defined in their own cfcase \nblock.A value may only be declared once within the \nentire switch block or ColdFusion will throw an error.If it cannot find a matching value, it will execute the code contained inside of \nthe cfdefaultcase block. It is not required to have a cfdefaultcase block defined, but your logic \nwill dictate if it is present.\n \n The second cfcase declaration above lists more than one value. If the expression is either 9 OR \n10, the code will execute. If the value contains a comma, it is automatically \ntreated as a list. In cfscript, you will need to use the \n statement as with any other programming language. A ternary operation is a construct that acts as a shorthand \nassignment operation given a comparison with exactly two possible outputs. This scope is also used for objects instantiated using the singleton \npattern. The \narguments scope is mutually exclusive with the local function scope, and may not contain \nthe same variable names as the local scope. The data in this scope is available during the execution lifespan of a custom tag. Variables in this scope are private to the current function context.

You can search the contents of an \narray for a value, perform mathematical functions such Sum or Average, sort the contents of an array, \nand more. Suppose for example, \nyou wanted to store several kinds of fruit and also whether you like it or not. If you ran some of these \nexamples you would notice that the Bracket Notation preserved the case of the keys and the Dot \nNotation did not. Sometimes the preservation of case is important, like when passing values to \nJavascript or other case sensitive languages or formats. In the Struct Creation and Population \nin One Statement Example, the case will be preserved as long as they keys are surrounded by \nquotes. If the keys are not quoted, the case will be converted to upper case. \n \n Also, the bracket notation allows for a dynamic key reference. This is helpful when the name of \nthe struct key will come from a runtime operation, such as looping over the struct. Many people \nfind Dot Notation easier to read and use it most of the time, except in cases where Bracket \nNotation offers a feature Dot Notation does not.\n \n Displaying the Contents of a Struct\n \n See how your preference was mapped to the kind of fruit. You can't use the cfoutput command on \nstructs either because, once again, they aren't displayable as a string. You can search the contents of struct, make \ncomplete and partial copies, retrieve a list of just the keys, and more. Recordsets contain a series of columns with 0 or more rows. You can think of \na query like a single page of a spreadsheet with the columns across the top and rows down the side.\n \n Most ColdFusion programs interact with databases. Database interaction takes the form of a query \nand ColdFusion makes it very easy to work with the data returned by the database. You can create your own \nquery objects in ColdFusion without a database call or even retrieve all the values in a specific \ncolumn in a list format.

So take care to write your programs in such a way the program \ncan be read and understood as easily as possible.\n \n Context is important because our programs express a problem to a computer using a kind of \nshorthand, in our case ColdFusion programming code. The computer doesn't much care about \nthe amount of context in the application, as long as the instructions (code) are all properly formed. \nThe program is good enough for the computer if it works well. But this doesn't necessarily mean \nthe program is good enough for a human. ColdFusion \ncomments resemble HTML comments, only with an extra dash on each end.\n \n Any text or programming code inside of a comment is not executed nor displayed. Proper use of comments explain \nthe WHY part of the problem solving. ColdFusion \nScript\n ColdFusion has been designed to allow the use of ColdFusion tags and ColdFusion script. \nFunctionally, both will be interpreted equally and will achieve the same result. The use of ColdFusion \nTags and ColdFusion Script is up to personal or team preference. One or two ColdFusion operations \nare currently Tag only, as of this tutorial, but these will be made available in ColdFusion script in future \nreleases.\n \n Some developers write all ColdFusion code in Tags. Some developers write all ColdFusion code in \nScript. Some write the view portions of their ColdFusion code in Tags, and the business layer portion \nin Script. As long as you stay consistent, all approaches are valid. ColdFusion is designed to provide a welcoming and productive developer experience. \nTry both styles to see which you prefer. The ColdFusion documentation has several good pages on \nColdFusion script. Do the same for the myPosition variable on or around line 81.\n \n 11. Refresh the browser and confirm that you now see your name and position displayed on the \npage.\n \n 12. Go to line 2 and update the variable myPosition so that it has a value of 'A Developer'.

This scope is \nmutually exclusive with the arguments scope, and may not contain the same variable names \nas the arguments scope.\n \n NOTE: The above list is not all-inclusive. Please reference the Adobe Livedocs documentation for \nadditional and tag specific scopes. \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Decision Making, Flow and Scopes Page 36\n \n To reference a scoped variable in ColdFusion, we preface the variable pointer with the scope in \ndot-notation. To access a variable named myVar in the Application scope, we would write \napplication.myVar. It is considered to be a best practice to scope all variables in your ColdFusion \napplication; however, it is not always necessary. ColdFusion will attempt to figure out what scope the \nvariable is stored in if you do not explicitly provide one by searching each scope one at a time using \nscope precedence. The following list shows the order in which ColdFusion will search for a variable \nmatching the pointer you have provided.\n \n 1. Arguments\n2. Local (function-local, UDFs and CFCs only)\n3. Thread local (inside threads only)\n4. Query (not a true scope; variables in query loops)\n5. Thread\n6. Variables\n7. CGI\n8. CFFile\n9. URL\n10. Form\n11. Cookie\n12. Client\n \n Note that some scopes are not searched in the precedence above. The first is that variable names are not exclusive in ColdFusion. \nWe can store a value in multiple scopes with the same name, and which is especially prevalent \nacross persistent scopes such as the application and session scopes, as well as when you are using \nreusable or third-party components and custom tags. A common example would be if our program \nhas a variable in the Variables scope called userID and we posted a form that contains a \nvariable called userID, which can result in a collision. Based on ColdFusion scope precedence, if we \nreferred to the variable userID without explicitly specifying the scope, ColdFusion would return the \ndata stored in variables.

userID instead of form.userID. This can cause problems if we were \ntrying to use the latter data and makes your code hard to read and maintain.\n \n The second reason to scope variables is that there is a minor performance gain in providing the \nexplicit scope because ColdFusion does not have to locate the variable across a number of scopes. \nThis performance increase has been essentially relegated to nil in the current versions of ColdFusion, \nbut there is still a negligible improvement when scope is explicitly defined.\n \n There are also times when you might not want to scope variables. One example is when you are not \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Decision Making, Flow and Scopes Page 37\n \n sure the source of the variable you will be accessing, such as when a variable could come from either \nthe form or URL scopes. This error \nis thrown because the form.submitted variable does not exist. Leave \nthe default attribute as empty. As we are checking if the variable is false then we need to put the. As with other programming languages, ColdFusion allows you to perform both \niterative and conditional looping.\n \n ColdFusion uses the cfloop tag to enable looping in tag-based syntax.ColdFusion permits looping in cfscript using for loops and do while loops.\n \n Tag-based Looping\n \n It is easiest to demonstrate looping by example. The from attribute specifies the start value, while the \nto attribute specifies the end value. By default, cfloop will increment by 1 each iteration. The \nindex attribute stores the current index value of the loop. This is the value that increments on \neach execution. The iterative loop will continue execution until the index reaches the max value as \nspecified by the to attribute. It is important to note that the loop will execute while the index is equal \nto the maximum value, but then exit. A great example of this is looping over an array.

Until CF9, we could only loop over an array \nthrough the use of iterative looping as shown below. This case is still useful today, especially when \nyou need to keep track of the current index as well as the array value. The important thing to keep in \nmind is that ColdFusion arrays are 1-indexed instead of 0-indexed as with some other programming \nlanguages. This loop will execute the code within the cfloop block one time for each value in the array. The \noutput when running the code above is:\n \n 1: Jeff\n \n 2: John\n \n 3: Steve\n \n 4: Julianne\n \n CF9 and above allows us to loop over an array using shorthand. We no longer have a reference to the array index \nitself. The output when running the code above is:\n \n Jeff\n \n John\n \n Steve\n \n Julianne\n \n cfloop permits the developer to loop over a list. The list datatype, as we learned earlier, is a \ndelimited String. ColdFusion understands that the string is delimited and provides special functions \nfor the list. You can specify \nmultiple delimiters as well. The code above results in \nthe following output:\n \n 1 Jeff\n \n 2 John\n \n 3 Steve\n \n cfloop can be used to perform conditional looping as well as the item and iterative loops \ndemonstrated above. Conditional looping will execute the code within the body of a cfloop as long as \na condition evaluates to true. As long as the condition remains true (that the \narray has a length), the loop will continue to execute. As soon as the condition is false, the loop will \nstop executing. We will never receive an error from this loop that the array contains no items, since it \nwill not execute if the condition is not true.\n \n Important Note: If the upper limit of the iterative loop is never reached, or a condition never \nbecomes false in a conditional loop, an infinite loop condition can occur. This simply means that \nyour loop will never finish and program execution will continue forever until the thread runs out of \nmemory.

ColdFusion \nallows this in CFML via the cfbreak tag and in cfscript using the break keyword. As of CF9, you can use the cfcontinue tag to \nperform this logic. In cfscript (across versions) you can use the continue keyword. He has spent the majority of that time \nspecializing in large enterprise-class web applications. Dave is \nalso a member of the Adobe Community Professional group.\n \n 4 \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Data Handling Page 60\n \n Databases\n One of the key parts of any application is its ability to do CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) \noperations. ColdFusion has the ability to read a variety of data sources with minimal effort; there is \nbuilt in support for over ten different databases. Among the supported databases, you will find MS \nSQL, MySql, Oracle, DB2, and Sybase. There are slight sql syntax differences when interacting with \nthe database; however, the same code can be used against different databases without any changes.\n \n Note: This chapter will not teach you how to write sql. However, it will show you how to take the \nsql skills you have and incorporate them into your code. Alternatively, if you are using ColdFusion \nBuilder, you can use the query builder to assist you with query creation.\n \n Query Basics\n \n A data source needs to be configured in the administrator. The data source contains all the \nconnection information that ColdFusion needs to communicate with your database. Rather than \nproviding all that information with each database call, ColdFusion allows you to defined a data source, \nproviding it a name, and use the name as a reference for all your queries.\n \n If you installed the samples when you installed ColdFusion, then there are some for you to play with \nalready. That \nis just how cfdump shows it.\n \n There is other information about the query that cfdump does not display that are part of the myquery \nobject, such as columnlist and recordcount.

These can be referenced by using \nmyquery.columnlist or myquery.recordcount.\n \n Performance Tip\n The query should only return the columns you need; this speeds up the query and return \nprocessing. To \naccomplish this, use cfloop. This tag allows you to loop over the result set and perform operations \nper row (and output them too). It is also useful in the event that you wish to loop over a query result \nand there is already an outer cfoutput in the code. This creates a nested loop \nwhere the outer loop is iterated once per group and the inner is looped once for each item in the \ngroup. While this sounds great on the surface, it does have a drawback: the data must be pre-sorted \nbefore the cfoutput for the grouping to work correctly. In the example below, an order by is added \nto the query, which makes sure that the rows come back in the correct order. The cfoutput tag now \nhas a group attribute. The value of this attribute must always be a column name of the query. Inside \nthe cfoutput is another cfoutput. This is the inner loop that will output once per row in the group. \nThe outer will only output once. \n\n \n Learn CF in a Week - Week 1 - Data Handling Page 63\n \n Query Param\n \n One of the biggest attacks against a system is sql injection. However, an easy way to prevent it \nis to use cfqueryparam. This sets parameters for the query input, thus making injection nearly \nimpossible.For example, if \nyour queryparam is set as an integer and a string is passed, an error will be thrown. That is the parameter that was created using cfqueryparam. Caching will be covered in detail in a later chapter; for now, \nthis chapter will just touch on one way to cache here: cachedwithin. This type of cache states \nthat the query result will be stored and reused for the specified duration. Caching is based on the query syntax, not \nthe query name. However, if you have \na very dynamic query, caching can be a challenge.